book order
In the past, the Paoxi family drew hexagrams to establish images, and the Xuanyuan family created characters to teach. As for the era of Yao and Shun, there were almost many articles. Later, it flourished in Shang and Zhou Dynasties, and prepared for Qin and Han Dynasties. The place for solidification was far away. For an article to be useful, it must be like a book; for a book to be a sign, it must be in line with the Tao. Therefore, those who can express themselves in writing should not approach books. If you have thought about sages for thousands of years, read their traces on bamboo slips, made plans in the face of each other, acted with brilliance, and spoken with deep insights, so that there will be no hidden things for a hundred generations, this is admirable. My husband and I are in the same place, full of affection, high ambition, and a spirit of algae. We are so happy to meet each other and happy to see each other.
The reason why it is so small at first is because the eyes are looking at the eyes, and the eyes don't know how they are changing. If there is no body in the scope, there should be no direction. Examine Chongmo to establish the shape, which is all different and consistent. Join the underworld contract and absorb the essence. Capital movement comes from the wind god, and Yi Haoran comes from polishing. The final result is brilliant, the fragrance flows on the tip of the pen, suddenly soaring and glorious. They may be different in body but connected in potential, like the intersecting leaves of two trees; or they may be differentiated and have good luck, like two wells connected by springs. Puyin supports each other, and Jinze latent responds. Separated but not inexhaustible, dragging the thread of a cocoon; outstanding and solitary, a stone in a dangerous mountain. Dragons soar and phoenixes fly, as if they are frightened. Dian Feng
Moreover, its scholars observe its scale and adopt its mysteries. Their skills are developed by their hearts and secretly by their eyes. Either the writing starts with thinking, but it is stuck in dullness; or it may be controlled without thinking, and it is defeated by escaping. The heart cannot teach it to the hand, and the hand cannot receive it from the heart. Although you can ask for it on your own, it’s strange that you can’t find anything in the end. It relates to the meaning and spiritual understanding, the writing and the luck of the underworld. God will combine and create nothing. Even though Long Bo was brave enough to defeat Ao Ling, he could not measure up to his power; the emperor who had great ambitions to respond to Lu could not suppress his height. Thoughts enter the room, and the spirit fills the universe. Ghosts are so uncanny that they can track down and capture the subtle ones, so it is impossible to survive or die without words like Quan Hoo. As a young boy, he keeps his skills and becomes fluent in speech. He must not rely on his talent and knowledge, thinking that he can know things by being eloquent. And it is not easy to know, and it is difficult to obtain it. It only takes a few people over a thousand years. Those who criticized it in the past may think that the present is not as good as the past, but that it is ugly and beautiful. Observe flaws and gain wings in vain. Seek all things to be in harmony with oneself. It turns out that the warning is not tactful. Also, the pale person sings the song, and the ignorant person sings the voice. The opinions are mixed, and it is hard to tell which one is right. He also discussed the ancestors of Chinese characters, each holding heresies and supposing that bees are flying, which is completely unfounded and ancient.
The nature of Huai Guan is blind and ignorant, and the knowledge is not clear and sensitive. Inherit the teachings of our ancestors, or record them in case something happens. They often want to criticize the past and present. Pull out the roots of suspicion and untie the knots of disputes. Examine the poor and erroneous, and dare not hide from the sages of the past; explore the subtleties, and the common people will not deceive the mysterious craftsmen. From Cangjie, Shi of the Yellow Emperor, to Lu Zangyong, the minister of Huangmen in the imperial dynasty, for more than 3,200 years, there were ten sources of books, and three grades of learning, good and bad. Now I will describe the differences between their origins, and write ten praises and one treatise; compare them with others. The difference between good and bad is divided into three categories: Shen, Miao and Neng. It was written as a biography, and there were also people who attached it to the story, and it was collectively called a commentary. After examining whether it was Zang or not, it was divided into three volumes: the upper, middle and lower volumes, which were called "Shu Duan". The catalog is like this. A common scholar or a gentleman knows how to do things in elementary school.
〖On the volume〗
Ancient Chinese Large Seal Script Small Seal Script
Eight points official script, chapter script, running script
Fei said cursive script, written by nine people
Four people attached, liked ten poems and commented on one poem.
〖Volume〗
General Category of the Third Grade, Advantages and Disadvantages, Twelve Divine Grades
Nine people are included in the biography, and thirty-nine people are excellent products.
〖Volume 2〗
Thirty-five people are capable of quality and twenty-nine people are passed down.
One hundred and seventy-four people commented on a song
○Ancient prose
案古文者，黄帝史苍颉所造也，颉首四目，通于神明。仰观奎星圆曲之势，俯察龟文鸟迹之象，博采众美，合而为字，是曰“古文”，《孝经援神契》云“奎主文章，苍颉仿象”是也。夫文字者，总而为言，包意以名事也。分而为义，则文者祖父，字者子孙，得之自然，备其文理。象形之属，则谓之文；因而滋蔓，母子相生，形声、会意之属，则谓之字。字者，言孳乳寝多也。题之竹帛谓之书。书者，如也，舒也，著也，记也。著明万事，记往知来。名言诸无，宰制群有。何幽不贯，何往不经。实可谓事简而应博，岂人力哉！《易》曰：“上古结绳以治，后世圣人易之以书契。”夫至德之道，化其性于未然之前；结绳之教，惩其罪于已然之后。故大道衰而有书，利害萌而有契。契为信不足，书为言立征。书契者，决断万事也。凡文书相约束皆曰契。契亦誓也，诸侯约信曰“誓”。故《春秋传》曰：“王叔氏不能举其契。”是知契者，书其信誓之言，而盟之滥觞，君臣之大约也。亦谓刻木剖而分之，君执其左，臣执其右，即昔之铜虎竹使，今之铜鱼，并契之遗象也。皇甫谧曰：“黄帝史苍颉造文字，记言行，策藏之，名曰‘书契’。”故知黄帝导其源，尧、舜扬其波，是有虞、夏、商、周之书，神化曲谟，垂范万世。及周公相成王，申明礼乐，以加朝祭服色尊卑之节，又造《尔雅》，宣尼、卜商，增益润色，释言畅物，略尽训诂。及秦用小篆，焚烧先典，古文绝矣。汉文帝时，秦博士伏胜献《古文尚书》，时又有魏文侯乐人窦公，年二百八十岁，献古文《乐书》一篇。以今文考之，乃《周官》之《大司乐》章也。及武帝时，鲁恭王坏孔子宅，壁内石函中得《孝经》、《尚书》等经。宣帝时，河内女子坏老子屋，得古文二篇。晋咸宁五年，汲郡人不准盗发魏安厘王冢，得册书千余万言，或写《春秋经传》、《易经》、《论语》、《夏书》、《周书》、《琐语》、《大历》、《梁丘藏》、《穆天子传》、及《魏史》至安厘王二十年，其书随世变易，已成数体。其《周书》论楚事者最妙，于是古文备矣。甄酆删定旧文，制为六书，一曰古文，即此也，以壁中书为正。周幽王时，又有省古文者，今汲冢书中多有是也。滕公冢内得石铭，人无识者，惟叔孙通云：“此古文科斗书也。”科斗者，即上古之别名也。(卫恒《古文赞》云：“黄帝之史，沮诵、苍颉。眺彼鸟迹，始作书契。纪纲万事，垂法立制。观其措笔缀墨，用心精专。中正循检，矩折规旋。其曲如弓，其直如弦。矫然特出，若龙腾于川。淼尔下颓，若雨坠于天。信黄唐之遗迹，为六艺之范先。篆、籀盖其子孙，隶草乃其曾玄。”)苍颉，即古文之祖也。赞曰：“邈邈苍公，轩辕之始。创制文字，代彼绳理。粲若星辰，郁为纲纪。千龄万类，如掌斯视。生人盛德，莫斯之美。神章灵篇，自兹而起。”
○大篆
案大篆者，周宣王太史史籀所作也，或云柱下史始变古文，或同或异，谓之为“篆”。篆者，传也，传其物理，施之无穷。甄酆定六书，三曰“篆书”；八体书法，一曰“大篆”。又《汉书·艺文志》云：“史籀十五篇。”并此也。以史官制之，用以教授，谓之史书，凡九千字。秦赵高善篆，教始皇少子胡亥书。又汉元帝、王遵、严延年并工史书是也。秦焚书，惟《易》与史篇得全。《吕氏春秋》云：“苍颉造大篆。”非也。若苍颉造大篆，则置古文何地？所谓籀、篆，盖其子孙是也。(蔡邕《大篆赞》云：“体有大篆，巧妙入神。或象龟文，或比龙鳞。纡体放尾，长翅短身。延颈负翼，状似凌云。”)史籀，即大篆之祖也。
赞曰：“古文玄胤，太史神书。千类万象，或龙或鱼。何词不录，何物不储。怿思通理，从心所如。如彼江海，大波洪涛。如彼音乐，干戚羽旄。”
○籀文
案籀文者，周太史史籀之所作也，与古文、大篆小异。后人以名称书，谓之“籀文”。《七略》曰：“史籀者，周时史官，教学童书也。与孔氏壁中古文异体。”甄酆定六书，二曰“奇字”是也。其迹有《石鼓文》存焉，盖讽宣王畋猎之所作，今在陈仓。李斯小篆，兼采其意。史籀，即籀文之祖也。赞曰：“体象卓然，殊今异古。落落珠玉，飘飘缨组。苍颉之嗣，小篆之祖。以名称书，遗迹石鼓。”
○小篆
案小篆者，秦始皇丞相李斯所作也。增损大篆，异同籀文，谓之“小篆”，亦曰“秦篆”。始皇二十年，始并六国，斯时为廷尉，乃奏罢不合秦文者，于是天下行之。画如铁石，字若飞动，作楷、隶之祖，为不易之法。其铭题钟鼎，乃作符印，至今用焉。则《离》之六二：“黄离元吉，得中道也。”斯虽草创，遂造其极矣。(蔡邕《小篆赞》云：“龟文斜列，栉比龙鳞。颓若黍稷之垂颖，蕴若虫蛇之棼缊。若绝若连，似水露缘丝，凝垂下端。远而望之，象鸿鹄群游，络绎迁延。研桑不能数其诘曲，离娄不能睹其隙间。般、垂揖让而辞巧，籀、诵拱手而韬翰。摛华艳于纨素，为六艺之范先也。”)李斯，即小篆之祖也。
赞曰：“李君创法，神虑精微。铁为肢体，虬作骖騑。江海淼漫，山岳巍巍。长风万里，鸾凤于飞。”
○八分
The eight points of the case were written by Cizhong, the king of Shanggu, a man from Qin Yu. Wang Minyun said: "Cizhong began to build a junior high school based on the ancient calligraphy of Fangguang and Shaobo. He used Li and Cao as regular scripts. The characters were eight-point square and the words were modeled." Xiao Ziliang also said: "During the reign of Emperor Ling, Wang Cizhong served as Li. Eight points." The two scholars spoke of the Later Han Dynasty, but the two emperors were different. Moreover, before Emperor Ling, there was not one person with eight points of work, and Yun Fangguang was not the official script. Since we are talking about ancient books, how can we call them official. If the prescription is wide, then the seal script and the seal script are there. Changing the ancient to the new, I don’t know what it means. "Xu Xian Ji" says: "Wang Cizhong, a native of Shanggu, rarely had extraordinary ambitions. He entered school as a young man and often had miraculous things. Before he was young, he changed Cangjie script into today's official script. During the time of the First Emperor, there were many official affairs, so he won Cizhong The text is brief. It was used for urgent illness. He was very happy and sent envoys to summon him. However, after three expeditions failed to come, the First Emperor was furious. He made a carriage to send him off. He turned into a big bird on the road and went out outside the threshold. He turned over and led. On the west mountain, two heirlooms fell on the mountain, which is now called the Dahe and Xiaohe Mountains. A temple was erected on the mountain to pray for floods and droughts." The Wei Dynasty's Land Records says: "Sixty miles northeast of Juyang County, there are Dahe and Xiaohe Mountains. "Also Yang Gu's "Beidu Fu" says: "Wang Cizhong hid his skills from the Emperor of Qin, and dropped his double quills and soared to the sky." According to several scholars, Cizhong was from Qin in the Ming Dynasty. Since he changed the book of Cangjie, he was not following the example of Cheng Miaoli. also. According to Cai Yong's "Encouraging Learning Chapter", "Cizhong, the king of Shanggu, first changed into his ancient form". During the reign of the First Emperor, several of his books were produced, and half of them still exist in the ancient form of small seal script. Eight points has been reduced by half of the seal script, and Li has been reduced by half of eight points. However, it can be said that the son is like the father, but it cannot be said that the father is like the son. Therefore, it is known that the official cannot give birth to eight points. Originally called regular script, regular script refers to method, style and model. Confucius said: "If we practice it in this world, it will be regarded as the regular style in future generations." Or it may be said: "In the later Han Dynasty, there was also Wang Cizhong, who was the prefect of Shanggu, but he was not from Shanggu." Also, the original standard of Kaili was the same, so later generations confused it, and scholars As a matter of fact, due to its age, it gradually seems like the eight characters are scattered, also known as eight points. At that time, people used it to write chapters or laws, and it was also called a charter book. Therefore, Liang Huyun said that "Zhong Yao is good at charters". The wife's talents are partial to those of others, so she takes advantage of her strengths and discards her weaknesses. The proverb goes: "The poems of Han Zheng and Yi are hung on the wall." There are two kings and eights, that is, hanging on the wall and the like, but Cai Bojie is the one who created it to the extreme. Wang Cizhong is the ancestor of Ba Fen. Praise said: "The example of the immortal guest is left behind, and the spirit is beautiful. He studies hard and makes waves, and the metal is like jade. The dragon and the tiger are not in the same position, they are fighting each other, they are majestic, and the regular script is wonderful and full of splendor."
○official script
The official script of the case was created by Cheng Miao, a native of Gui under the Qin Dynasty. Yuan Cen, named Miao, was the warden of Yaxian County at the beginning. He offended the First Emperor and was sent to Yunyang Prison. Tan Si thought about it for ten years and wrote three thousand characters in the official script using large and small seals. Because there were so many things to do, it was difficult to write seal characters, so the official script was used because it was thought that the official script would be used as a companion, hence the name "official script". Cai Yong's "Sheng Huang Pian" says: "Cheng Miao deleted the ancient texts and established official texts." Zhen Feng's six books, the fourth of which is called "Assistant Book", is also true. The Qin Dynasty made official scripts for use in official scripts, which were used in court cases and prisons. I still used small seal scripts. The Han Dynasty also followed suit. At the time of Emperor He, Jia Li wrote "Peng Xi Pian", with "Cang Jie" as the first chapter, "Xun Zhu" as the middle chapter, and "Pang Xi" as the second chapter. The so-called "San Cang" is also used. It is written in the official character, and the official method is from here to wide. Li Daoyuan's "Shui Jing" says: "People from Linzi found an ancient tomb and got a copper coffin. The front plate has the characters hidden outside, saying that it is the coffin of Hu Gong, the sixth grandson of Taigong of Qi. However, the three characters are ancient, and I wrote the same official script today, Zhengzhi Li. The characters appeared in ancient times, not in the Qin Dynasty." If you are correct, then the official seal script should precede the big seal script. The case against Duke Hu was Gong Jing, the younger brother of Duke Ai of Qi. The fifth generation and the sixth Duke lasted for more than a hundred years, when he was King Mu of Zhou Dynasty. More than two hundred years later, in the reign of King Xuan, the big seal script came into being. After more than five hundred years, by the time of the First Emperor, Xiaozhuan had come into being. Instead of official script, Xiaozhuan had to be followed. However, since the books written by Cheng Miao were passed down together, Li Daoyuan's theory cannot be relied upon. If the case is divided into eight points, the small seal script will be successful, and the official script will be divided into eight points. Chen Zun of the Han Dynasty, courtesy name Meng Gong, was a native of Duling, Jingzhao. During the reign of Emperor Ai, he was the governor of Henan. He was good at official calligraphy and gave rulers and tablets to others. The owner hid them all with pride. This is why he pioneered official calligraphy. Later, Zhong Yuanchang and Wang Yishao each created their own masterpieces. (Cai Yong's "Li Shu Shi" said: "The changes in the bird's traces are due to the help of the official script. The complicated text is compared with the simplicity. The shortening complements each other, and the different bodies have the same potential. They are as bright as stars, and as lush as clouds. The fiber waves are thicker, Scattered among them. If a bell is set up, the court is ablaze with flying smoke; it is like a towering tower with heavy sky and clouds crowning the mountain. Looking from a distance, it looks like a flying dragon in the sky; looking at it from a close distance, one's mind is confused and dizzy." Cheng Gongsui's "Official Script Shi" " said: "The Chong seal script is complex, and the draft is close to fake. It is moderate and should not be regarded as official script.") Cheng Miao is the ancestor of official script. Praise said: "Cheng Jun was the first to combine the officialdom and literary quality. It is elegant, like listening to an orchestra. It has long hair and autumn strength, and the body is frosty. The sharp edge is folded, and the falling stars are hanging. The red flame suddenly appears, and the swirling purple Smoke. Jinzhi and Qiongcao will be fragrant for eternity."
○Changcao
案章草者，汉黄门令史游所作也。卫恒、李诞并云：“汉初而有草法，不知其谁。”萧子良云：“章草者，汉齐相杜操始变稿法。”非也。王愔云：“汉元帝时，史游作《急就章》，解散隶体，粗书之。汉俗简隋，渐以行之。”是也。此乃存字之梗概，损隶之规矩，纵任奔逸，赴俗急就，因草创之义，谓之“草书”，惟君长告令臣下则可。后汉北海敬王刘穆善草书，光武器之。明帝为太子，尤见亲幸，甚爱其法。及穆临病，明帝令为草书尺牍十余首，此其创开草书之善也。至建初中，杜度善草，见称于章帝。上贵其迹，诏使草书上事。魏文帝亦令刘广通草书上事。盖因章奏，后世谓之“章草”，惟张伯英造其极焉。韦诞云：“杜氏杰有骨力，而字画微瘦，惟刘氏之法，书体甚浓，结字工巧，时有不及。张芝喜而学焉，转精其巧，可谓草圣，超然绝后，独步无双。”(崔瑗《草书势》云：“书契之兴，始自颉皇。写彼鸟迹，以定文章。章草之法，盖又简略。应时谕指，周旋卒迫。兼功并用，爱日省力。绝险之变，岂必古式。观其法象，俯仰有仪。方不中矩，圆不副规。抑左扬右，望之若崎。鸾企鸟峙，志意飞移。狡兽暴骇，将奔未驰。状似连珠，绝而不离。畜怒怫郁，放逸生奇。螣蛇赴穴，头没尾垂。机要微妙，临时从宜。”)怀瓘案：章草之书，字字区别。张芝变为今草，加其流速，拔茅连茹，上下牵连。或借上字之下，而为下字之上。奇形离合，数意兼包。若悬猿饮涧之象，钩锁连环之状。神化自若，变态不穷。呼史游草为章，因张伯英草而谓也。亦犹篆周宣王时作，及有秦篆，分别而有大小之名。魏晋之时，名流君子，一概呼为草，惟知音者，乃能辨焉。章草即隶书之捷，草亦章草之捷也。案杜度在史游后一百余年，即解散隶体，明是史游创焉。史游，即章草之祖也。赞曰：“史游制草，始务急就。婉若回鸾，撄如舞袖。迟回缣简，势欲飞透。敷华垂实，尺牍尤奇。并功惜日，学者为宜。”
○行书
案行书者，后汉颍川刘德升所作也。即正书之小伪，务从简易，相间流行，故谓之“行书”。王愔云：“晋世以来，工书者多以行书著名，昔钟元常善行押书。”是也。尔后王羲之、献之，并造其极焉。献之常白父云：“古之章草，未能宏逸，顿异真体。合穷伪略之理，极草纵之致，不若稿行之间，于往法固殊也，大人宜改体。”观其腾烟炀火，则回禄丧精；覆海倾河，则玄冥失驭。天假其魄，非学之功。若逸气纵横，则羲谢于献；若簪裾礼乐，则献不继羲。虽诸家之法悉殊，而子敬最为遒拔。夫古今人民，状貌各异，此皆自然妙有，万物莫比。惟书之不同，可庶几也。故得之者先禀于天然，次资于功用；而善学者乃学之于造化，异类而求之。固不取乎似本，而各挺之自然。(王珉《行书状》云：“邈乎嵩、岱之峻极，烂若列宿之丽天。伟字挺特，奇书秀出。扬波骋艺，余好宏逸。虎踞凤跱，龙伸蠖屈。资胡氏之壮杰，兼钟公之精密。总二妙之所长，尽众美乎文质。详览字体，究寻笔迹。粲乎伟乎，如圭如璧。宛若盘螭之仰势，翼若翔鸾之舒翮。或乃放手飞笔，雨下风驰。绮靡婉娩，纵横流离。”)刘德升，即行书之祖也。赞曰：“非草非真，发挥柔翰。星敛光芒，云虹照烂。鸾鹤婵娟，风行雨散。刘子滥觞，钟、胡弥漫。”
○飞白
案飞白者，后汉左中郎将蔡邕所作也。王隐、王愔并云：“飞白变楷制也，本是宫殿题署，势既径丈，字宜轻微不满，名为‘飞白’。”王僧虔云：“飞白，八分之轻者。”虽有此说，不言起由。按汉灵帝熹平年诏蔡邕作《圣皇篇》，篇成，诣鸿都门上，时方修饰鸿都门，伯喈待诏门下，见役人以垩帚成字，心有悦焉，归而为飞白之书。汉末魏初，并以题署宫阁。其体有二，创法于八分，穷微于小篆，自非蔡公设妙，岂能诣此？可谓胜寄冥通，缥眇神仙之事也。张芝草书，得易简流速之极；蔡邕飞白，得华艳飘荡之极。字之逸越，不复过此二途。迩后羲之、献之，并造其极，其为状也，轮囷萧索，则《虞颂》以嘉气非云；离会飘流，则《曹风》以麻衣似雪：尽能穷其神妙也。卫恒祖述飞白，而造散隶之书，开张隶体，微露其白，拘束于飞白，萧洒于隶书，处其季孟之间也。(刘彦祖《飞曰赞》云：“苍颉观鸟，悟迹兴文。名繁类殊，有革有因。世绝常妙，索草钟真。爰有飞白，貌艳艺珍。若乃较析毫芒，纤微和惠。素翰冰鲜，兰墨电制。直准箭飞，屈拟蠖势。”)梁武帝谓萧子云言：“顷见王献之书，白而不飞，卿书飞而不白，可斟酌为之，令得其衷。”子云乃以篆文为之，雅合帝意。既括镞而藉羽，则望远而益深。虽创法于八分，实穷微于小篆。其后欧阳询得之。蔡伯喈，即飞白之祖也。赞曰：“妙哉飞白，祖自八分。有美君子，润色斯文。丝萦箭激，电绕雪雰。浅如流雾，浓若屯云。举众仙之奕奕，舞群鹤之纷纷。谁其覃思，于戏蔡君。”
○草书
案草书者，后汉征士张伯英之所造也。梁武帝《草书状》曰：“蔡邕云：‘昔秦之时，诸侯争长，简檄相传，望烽走驿。以篆隶之难，不能救速，遂作赴急之书，盖今草书是也。’余疑不然。创制之始，其闲者鲜，且此书之约略，既是苍黄之世，何粗鲁而能识之？”又云：“杜氏之变隶，亦由程氏之改篆。其先出自杜氏，以张为祖，以卫为父，索为伯叔，二王为兄弟，薄为庶息，羊为仆隶者。”怀瓘以为诸侯争长之日，则小篆及楷隶未生，何但于草。蔡公不宜至此，诚恐后诬。案杜度汉章帝时人，元帝朝史游已作草，又评羊薄等，未曰知书也。欧阳询与杨驸马书章草《千文》，批后云：“ 张芝草圣，皇象八绝。并是章草，西晋悉然。迨乎东晋，王逸少与从弟洽变章草为今草，韵媚宛转，大行于世，章草几将绝矣。”怀瓘案，右军之前，能今草者不可胜数，诸君之说，一何孟浪。欲杜众口，亦犹蹑履减迹，扣钟销音也。又王愔云：“稿书者，若草非草，草行之际者。”非也。案稿亦草也，因草呼稿，正如真正书写而又涂改，亦谓之草稿，岂必草行之际，谓之草者。盖取诸浑沌，天造草昧之意也，变而为草法此也。故孔子曰“禅谌草创之”是也。楚怀王使屈原造宪令，草稿未成，上官氏见欲夺之。又董仲舒欲言灾异，草稿未上，主父偃窃而奏之，并是也。如淳曰：“所作起草为稿。”姚察曰：“草犹粗也，粗书为本曰‘稿’。”盖草书之文，祖出于此；草书之先，因于起草。自杜度妙于章草，崔瑗、崔寔父子继能，罗晖、赵袭亦法此艺。袭与张芝相善，芝自云：“上比崔、杜不足，下方罗、赵有余。”然伯英学崔、杜之法，温故知新，因而变之，以成今草，转精其妙。字之体势，一笔而成，偶有不连，而血脉不断。及其连者，气候通而隔行。唯王子敬明其深指，故行首之字，往往继前行之末，世称一笔书者起自张伯英，即此也。实亦约文该思，应指宣言，列缺施鞭，飞廉纵辔也。伯英虽始草创，遂造其极。(索靖《草书状》云：“圣皇御世，随时之宜。苍颉既工，书契是为。损之草隶，以崇简易。草书之状也，宛若银钩，飘若惊鸾。舒翼未发，若举复安。于是多才之英，笃艺之彦。役心精微，躭思文宪。守道兼权，触类生变。离析入体，靡形不判。聘辞放手，雨行冰散。高音翰厉，溢越流漫。著绝艺于纨素，垂百代之殊观。”)张伯英，即草书之祖也。
赞曰：“草法简略，省繁录微。译言宣事，如矢应机。霆不暇发，电不及飞。征士已没，道愈光辉。明神在享，其灵有歇。斯艺漫流，终古无绝。”
论曰：夫卦象所以阴骘其理，文字所以宣载其能。卦则浑天地之窃冥，秘鬼神之变化；文能以发挥其道，幽赞其功。是知卦象者，文字之祖，万物之根。众学分镳，驰骛不息。或安其所习，毁所不见，终以自蔽也。固须原心反本，无漫学焉。今欲稽其滥觞，不可遵诸子之非，弃圣人之是。
先贤说文字所起，与八卦同作，又云八卦非伏羲自重。夫《易》者太古之书，夫子之文章，可得而闻也。弥纶乎天地，错综乎四时，究极人神，盛德大业也。子曰：“学以聚之，问以辨之。”盖欲讨论根源，悉其枝派。自仲尼没而微言绝，诸儒之说，是或不经。左丘明耻之，愧无独断之明，以释天下之惑。孔安国云：“宓羲造书契，代结绳。”非也。厥初生人，君道尚矣。应而不求，为而不恃，执大象也。迨乎伏羲氏作，始定人道，辨乎臣子，伏而化之，结绳而治。故孔子曰：“三皇伯世，叶神无文。洛书纠命，颉字胥分。”又班固云：“庖牺继天而王，为百王先。”并是也。《易》曰：“庖牺氏之王天下也，作结绳而为网罟，以畋以渔，盖取诸离。”“离者，丽也。日月丽乎天，百谷草木丽乎地，重明以丽乎正，乃化成天下。”“离也者，明也，万物皆相见，南方之卦也。圣人南面而听天下，向明而理，盖取诸此也。”庖牺、神农氏没，轩辕氏作，始造图书、礼乐、度数、甲子、律历。自开辟之事，皆先圣传流于口，黄帝已后，纪录言之。无几，故《春秋》、《国语》唯发明五帝。太史公叙黄帝、颛顼以下事。孔子撰书，始自尧、舜，尚年月阙然。诗人所述，起乎虞氏，其可知也。巢、燧之时，淳一无教，故言上古昔者，俱是伏羲、神农之时；言后世圣人者，即黄帝、尧、舜之际。《易》曰：“上古结绳以理，后世圣人易之以书契。”此犹太阳一照，众星没矣。《史记》及《汉书》皆云：“文王重八封为六十四卦。”又《帝王世纪》及孙盛等以为神农、夏禹重之，并非也。夫八卦虽理象已备，尚隐神功。引而伸之，始通变吉凶，成其妙用，触类而长，天下之能事毕矣。故《易》曰：“圣人立象以尽意，设卦以尽情。”“八卦成列，象在其中矣；因而重之，爻在其中矣；刚柔相推，变在其中矣。”伏羲自重之验也。又曰：“昔者圣人之作《易》也，观变于阴阳而立卦，发挥于刚柔而生爻。是以立天之道，曰阴与阳；立地之道，曰柔与刚；立人之道，曰仁与义。兼三才而两之，故易六画而成卦，六位而成章。”又伏羲自重之验也。若以后世圣人易之以书契，谓伏羲，即昔者圣人之作《易》也，谓谁矣？则知伏羲自重八卦，不造书契，焕乎可明，不至疑惑也。
又曰：“河出图，洛出书，圣人则之。”孔安国云：“河图、八卦，是洛之九畴。”马融、王肃、姚信等并云：“得河图而作《易》。” 礼含文嘉曰：“伏羲则龟书，乃作八卦。”并乘流而逝，不讨其源，滋误后生，深可叹息。去圣久矣，百家众言，自古非一。正史之书，不经宣尼笔削，则未可全是，况儒者臆说耶？悠悠万载，是非互起。一犬吠形，百犬吠声；一人措虚，百人传实。按龙图出河、龟书出洛，今或云“法龙图而作卦”，或云“则龟书而画之 ”，假欲遵之，何者为是？案《左传》庖牺氏有龙瑞，以龙纪官，非得八卦，八卦若先列于河图，又文王等重之，则伏羲何功于《易》也？又夫子不言因图而画卦，自黄帝尧、舜及周公摄政时皆得图书，河以通乾出天包，雒以流川吐地符，是知有圣人膺运，则河、雒出图、书，何必八卦九畴。九畴者，天始锡禹，而黄帝已获洛书。《易》曰：“蓍龟神物，圣人则之。”然伏羲岂则蓍龟而作《易》？言圣人者，通谓后世《易》经三古，不独指伏羲也。夫蓍龟者，或悔吝有忧虞之象，或得失有吉凶之征，或否泰有阴阳之辞，或刚柔有变通之理。若河图、洛书者，或天地彝伦之法，或帝王兴亡之数，或山川品物之制，或治化合神之符，故圣人则之而已。孔子曰：“河不出图，洛不出书，吾已矣夫！”是也。
故知文字之作，确乎权舆，十体相沿，互明创革，万事皆始自微渐，至于昭著。《春秋》则寒暑之滥觞，爻画则文字之兆朕。其十体内或先有萌牙，今取其昭彰者为始祖。夫道之将兴，自然玄应。前圣后圣，合矩同规。虽千万年，至理斯会。天或垂范，或授圣哲，必然而出，不在考其甲之与乙耶！案道家相传，则有天皇、地皇、人皇之书，各数百言，其文犹在，像如符印，而不传其音指。审尔则八卦已为云孙矣，况古文乎！且戎狄异音各貌，会于文字，其指不殊。禽兽之情，悉应若是，观其趣向，不远于人，其有知方来，辨音节，非智能而及，复何所学哉！则知凡庶之流，有如草木鸟兽之类，或蕴文章，又霹雳之下，乃时有字。或锡贶之瑞，往往铭题。以古书考之，皆可识也，夫岂学之于人乎！又详释典，或沙劫已前，或他方怪俗，云为事况，与即意无殊。是知天之妙道，施于万类一也，但所感有浅深耳，岂必在乎羲、轩、周、孔将释、老之教乎！况论篆、籀将草、隶之后先乎！缕而分之则如彼，总而言之其若此也。
我唐四圣，高祖神尧皇帝、太宗文武圣皇帝、高宗天皇大圣皇帝，鸿猷大业，列乎册书。多才能事，俯同人境。翰墨之妙，资以神功。开草、隶之规模，变张、王之今古。尽善尽美，无得而称。今天子神武聪明，制同造化。笔精墨妙，思极天人。或颂德铭勋，函耀金石；或恩崇惠缛，载锡侯王。赫矣光华，悬诸日月，然犹进而不已。惟奥惟玄，非区区小臣所敢扬述。
神品二十五人
大篆一人：史籀。
籀文一人：史籀。
小篆一人：李斯。
八分一人：蔡邕。
隶书三人：钟繇、王羲之、王献之。
行书四人：王羲之、钟繇、王献之、张芝。
章草八人：张芝、杜度、崔瑗、索靖、卫瓘、王羲之、王献之、皇象。
飞白三人：蔡邕、王羲之、王献之。
草书三人：张芝、王羲之、王献之。
○妙品九十八人
古文四人：杜林、卫宏、邯郸淳、卫恒。
大篆四人：李斯、赵高、蔡邕、邯郸淳。
小篆五人：曹喜、蔡邕、邯郸淳、崔瑗、卫瓘。
八分九人：张昶、皇象、邯郸淳、韦诞、钟繇、师宜官、梁鹄、索靖、王羲之。
隶书二十五人：张芝、钟会、蔡邕、邯郸淳、卫瓘、韦诞、荀舆、谢安、羊欣、王洽、王珉、薄绍之、萧子云、宋文帝、卫夫人、胡昭、曹喜、谢灵运、王僧虔、孔琳之、陆柬之、褚遂良、虞世南、释智永、欧阳询。
行书十六人：刘德升、卫瓘、王珉、谢安、王僧虔、胡昭、钟会、孔琳之、虞世南、阮研、王洽、羊欣、薄绍之、欧阳询、陆柬之、褚遂良。
章草八人：张昶、钟会、韦诞、卫恒、郗愔、张华、魏武帝、释智永。
飞白五人：萧子云、张弘、韦诞、欧阳询、王廙。
书二十二人：索靖、卫瓘、嵇康、张昶、钟繇、羊欣、薄绍之、钟会、卫恒、荀舆、桓玄、谢安、孔琳之、王珉、王洽、谢灵运、张融、阮研、王僧虔、欧阳询、虞世南、释智永。
○能品一百七人
古文四人：张敞、卫觊、卫瓘、韦昶
大篆五人：胡昭、严延年、韦昶、班固、欧阳询
小篆十二人：卫觊、班固、皇象、张弘、许慎、韦诞、傅玄、萧子云、刘绍、张弘、范晔、欧阳询
八分三人：毛弘、左伯、王献之。
隶书二十三人：卫恒、张昶、王廙、庾翼、郗愔、王濛、卫觊、张彭祖、阮研、陶弘景、王修、王褒、王恬、李式、傅玄、杨肇、王承烈、庾肩吾、薛稷、孙过庭、高正臣、释智果、卢藏用。
行书十八人：宋文帝、司马攸、释智永、萧子云、萧思话、齐高帝、陶弘景、汉王元昌、王导、王承烈、孙过庭、高正臣、裴行俭、王智敬、王修、卢藏用、薛稷、释智果。
章草十五人：罗晖、赵袭、徐干、庾翼、张超、王濛、卫觊、崔寔、萧子云、杜预、陆柬之、欧阳询、王承烈、王知敬、裴行俭。
飞白一人：刘邵。
草书二十五人：王导、何曾、杨肇、郗愔、庾翼、司马攸、李式、宋文帝、萧子云、陆柬之、宋令文、齐高帝、谢朓、庾肩吾、萧思话、范晔、孙过庭、梁武帝、王知敬、裴行俭、释智果、卢藏用、高正臣、王廙、王愔。
右包罗古今，不越三品。工拙伦次，迨至数百。且妙之企神，非徒步聚。能之仰妙，又甚规随。每一书之中，优劣为次；一品之内，复有兼并。至如神品，则李斯、杜度、崔瑗、皇象、卫瓘、索靖，各惟得其一；史籀、蔡邕、钟繇得其二；张芝得其三；逸少、子敬并各得其五。考多之类少，妙之况神，又上下差降，昭然可悉也。他皆仿此。后所列传，则当品之内，时代次之。或有纪名而不评迹者，盖古有其传，今绝其书，粗为斟酌，列于品第，但备其本传，无别商榷。然十书之外，乃有龟、蛇、麟、虎、云、龙、虫、鸟之书，既非世要，悉所不取也。
○神品
周史籀，宣王时为史官，善书，师模苍颉古文。夫苍颉者，独蕴圣心，启冥演幽，稽诸天意，功侔造化，德被生灵，可与三光齐悬，四序终始，何敢抑居品列。始籀，以为圣迹湮灭，失其真本，今所传者，才仿佛而已，故损益而广之，或同或异，谓之为“篆”，亦曰“史书”。加之銛利钩杀，自然机发，信为篆文之权舆，非至精，孰能与于此。穷物合数，变类相召，因而以化成天下也，故其称谓无方，亦难得而备举。今妙迹虽绝于世，考其遗法，肃若神明，故可特居神品。又作籀文，其状邪正体，则《石鼓文》存焉。乃开阖古文，畅其戚锐，但折直劲迅，有如镂铁。而端姿旁逸，又婉润焉。若取于诗人，则《雅》、《颂》之作也，亦所谓楷、隶曾高，字书渊薮。使放小学者，渔猎其中，籀大篆、籀文入神。秦李斯，楚上蔡人，少从孙卿学帝王术，西入秦，位至丞相。胡亥立，赵高谮之，要斩，夷三族。斯妙大篆，始省改之以为小篆。著《苍颉》七篇，虽帝王质文，世有损益，终以文代质，渐就浇漓。则三皇结绳，五帝画象，三王肉刑，斯可况也。古文可为上古，大篆为中古，小篆为下古。三古为实，草、隶为华。妙极于华者羲、献，精穷于实者籀、斯。始皇以和氏之璧琢而为玺，令斯书其文，今《泰山》、《峄山》、《秦望》等碑，并其遗迹，亦谓传国之伟宝，百代之法式。斯小篆人神，大篆入妙也。
后汉杜度，字伯度，京兆杜陵人，御史大夫延年曾孙。章帝时为齐相，善章草，虽史游始草书，传不纪其能，又绝其迹。创其神妙，其唯杜公。韦诞云：“杜氏杰有骨力，而字画微瘦。”崔氏法之，书体甚浓，结字工巧，时有不及。张芝喜而学焉，转精其巧，可谓草圣，超前绝后，独步无双。张芝自谓上比崔、杜不足，下方罗、赵有余，诚则尊师之辞，亦其心肺间语。伯英损益伯度章草，亦犹逸少增减元常真书，虽润色精于断割，意则美矣。至若高深之意，质素之风，俱不及其师也。然各为今古之独步。萧子良云：“本名操，为魏武帝讳，改为度。”非也。案蔡邕《劝学篇》云：“齐相杜度，美守名篇。”汉中郎不应预为武帝讳也。崔瑗，字子玉，安平人，曾祖蒙，父骃。子玉官至济北相，文章盖世，善章草，师于杜度，点画之间，莫不调畅。伯英祖述之，其骨力精熟过之也。索靖乃越制特立，风神凛然，其雄勇过之也。以此有谢于张、索。(一本云：“师于杜度，媚趣过之，点画精微，神变无碍，利金百炼，美玉天姿，可谓冰寒于水也。”)袁昂云：“如危峰阻日，孤松一枝。”王隐谓之草贤。晋平苻坚，得摹子玉书。王子敬云：“张伯英极似之。”其遗迹绝少，又妙小篆，今有《张平子碑》。以顺帝汉安二年卒，年六十六。子玉章草入神，小篆入妙。
张芝，字伯英，敦煌人，父焕，为太常，徙居弘农华阴。伯英名臣之子，幼而高操，勤学好古，经明行修，朝廷以有道征，不就，故时称“ 张有道”，实避世洁白之士也。好书，凡家之衣帛，皆书而后练。尤善章草书，出诸杜度。崔瑗云：“龙骧豹变，青出于蓝。”又创为今草，天纵尤异，率意超旷，无惜是非，若清涧长源，流而无限，萦回崖谷，任于造化。至于蛟龙骇兽，奔腾拏攫之势，心手随变，窈冥而不知其所如，是谓达节也已。精熟神妙，冠绝古今，则百世不易之法式，不可以智识，不可以勤求。若达士游乎沉默之乡，鸾凤翔乎大荒之野。韦仲将谓之“草圣”，岂徒言哉！遗迹绝少，故褚遂良云：“钟繇、张芝之迹，不盈片素。”韦诞云：“崔氏之肉，张氏之骨。”其章草《金人铭》可谓精熟至极；其草书《急就章》，字皆一笔而成，合于自然，可谓变化至极。羊欣云：“ 张芝、皇象、钟繇、索靖，时并号‘书圣’，然张劲骨丰肌，德冠诸贤之首。”斯为当矣。其行书则二王之亚也。又善隶书。以献帝初平中卒。伯英章草、草、行入神，隶书入妙。
Cai Yong, courtesy name Bojie, was born in Chenliuyu. Fu Leng, the governor of Xuzhou, had a clear line and was given the posthumous title Zhending. From Bo Jiu to General Zuo Zhonglang, he was granted the title of Marquis of Gaoyang. He is magnificent in appearance, dedicated to filial piety, knowledgeable, able to draw, good at music, and good at astronomy, numerology, and disasters. When I saw him and asked, there was nothing wrong. The craftsmanship is peerless, especially eighty percent subtle. The body method is ever-changing, the spirit is exquisite, and it is unparalleled in the present and ancient times. He also created Fei Bai, who was wonderful and unparalleled, and used magical powers to combine, and he was a man of true superpowers. Dong Zhuo used famous people in the world, and Yong moved seven times a day, shining brightly and favoring him. Wang Yun killed Zhuo, took Bo Zie, and served as Tingwei. He died in prison in the third year of Emperor Xian's reign at the age of sixty-one. The gentry and the Confucians all burst into tears. Bo Zhe's eight points, Fei Bai, are fascinating, and the large seal script, small seal script, and official script are wonderful. Nu Yan is a very wise woman, and she is also good at writing books. Wei Zhongyao, courtesy name Yuanchang, was born in Changshe, Yingchuan. Zu Hao was the most virtuous person in the world. Father Di, the party is imprisoned and he is not an official. Yuan Chang was talented and quick-thinking. He promoted him as a filial and honest minister, and later moved to the rank of minister Pushe and Dongwu Tinghou. Wei Guojian moved to the state of Xiang. Emperor Ming ascended the throne and moved to Taifu. Yao is good at calligraphy and studied under Cao Xi, Cai Yong and Liu Desheng. The real book is peerless, strong and soft. There are many interesting things among the dots and paintings, which can be described as deep and boundless, more than quaint and elegant. Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, there has been only one person. Although the legacy of good governance in ancient times has not left a lasting impression on people's hearts, it is not enough. What a virtuous person! His running script is Xizhi and Xianzhiya, his cursive script is Wei and Suoxia, and the eight-pointed "Wei Shou Zen Stele" is called the best. In the fourth year of Taihe, he passed away and was eighty years old. Yuan Changli and Xing entered the spirit, and the eight points entered the wonderful. Wu Huangxiang, whose courtesy name was Xiu Ming, was a native of Jiangdu, Guangling, and served as a minister. Gong Zhangcao studied under Du Du. First there was Zhang Zibin, and then there was Chen Liangfu, who was also called Neng Shu. However, Chen Henshou was thin and Zhang Henjun was Jun. Xiu Ming thought about it and found it very wonderful. He and Yan Wu were called the Eight Great Masters, and the world said they were calm and happy. Baopu Yun said: "The sage of calligraphy is the emperor's elephant." Huai Guan believed that Youjun's official script had one shape but all the characters were different, while Xiu Ming's Zhangcao had many shapes but one shape, and all the characters were the same: each created his own unique style. . It is practical but not simple, literary but not flashy. His writing of "Spring and Autumn" is the most wonderful. Eight points of talent and power are inferior to Cai Yong, but if he is not able to be coquettish, he will be hurt by Su Su. Xiu Mingzhang Cao is into the spirit, the eight points are into the wonderful, and the small seal script is into the energy.
Wei Guan of Jin Dynasty, named Boyu, was born in Anyi, Hedong Province. His father coveted him, Wei Shilang. Guan Ruo was promoted to Shangshulang in the Wei Dynasty, and became Shangshuling in the Jin Dynasty. He was good at all kinds of books, and Yin Suojing was appointed as Shangshu Lang, with the title of Taitai Ermiao. At that time, it was suggested to let go and pass the rope, but the law was not as good as that. Chang Yun said: "I got Boying's tendons, Heng got his bones, Jing got his flesh." Boyu adopted Zhang Zhi's method, took his father's calligraphy and mixed it, and it was wonderful. The sky is very beautiful, like wild geese flying in the breeze. Use it with ease and without any difficulty. Later he was Shizhong and Sikong. King Wei of Chu sent an edict to harm him. Yuankang died in the first year of his life, seventy-two. The Zhang Cao is fascinating, and the Xiaozhuan Li, Xing and Cao are wonderful.
Suo Jing, courtesy name You'an, was born in Longle, Dunhuang, and was the deceased grandson of Zhang Boying. Father Zhan, the governor of the North. You'an Shanzhang's cursive script originated from Wei Dan, which is more dangerous than others. There are mountains with cracks in the middle, water flowing overhanging them, solitary pines in snow-capped mountains, dangerous rocks in glaciers, but their strength cannot be compared to ancient and modern times. It may be said that "the regular script is more important than the Wei Guan." However, if the soldiers are extremely powerful and show off their power, looking at their bravery, if they want to mausoleize Zhang, why not use Wei. Wang Yinyun said: "Jing's cursive script is peerless, and there are many scholars." This is true for all those who know what is interesting, and I advise not to reward him. People at that time said: "It is extremely skilled, and the rope cannot be as good as Zhang; it is more wonderful than Zhang." Xiao Ziliang said: "Its shape is very different, and it is also good at eight points, inferior to Wei and Zhong." "Guanqiu Xingbei" is one of his works. Relics too. Da'an died in the second year of his life at the age of sixty. He gave it to Taichang. Zhangcao is fascinating, and grass is wonderful.
Wang Xizhi, courtesy name Yishao, was born in Linyi, Langya. Zu Zheng, Shang Shulang. Fu Kuang, the prefect of Huainan. Yi Shao has a strong character, regardless of Chang Liu. Together with Wang Cheng and Wang Chen, he is the third young master of the Wang family. He started out as a secretary, and later moved to be a general of the Right Army and an internal historian of Kuaiji. When I visited Zhejiang for the first time, I had the ultimate ambition. He died in the fifth year of Shengping at the age of fifty-nine. As a gift to Dr. Ziguanglu, he became a regular attendant. He is especially good at calligraphy, cursive, official, Bafen, Feibai, Zhang, and Xing. He has prepared all kinds of skills and developed his own method. It is ever-changing. The magical skills he has obtained are not created by nature, so how can he reach the pinnacle. However, when cutting and analyzing Zhang Gong's grass, it is dense and eclectic, which is a shame for his mastery; although Zhong Jun's subordinates are used to enhance their splendor, they are not elegant. When it comes to studying the body and posture, you can work on everything, just like bells, drums and clouds, and you can achieve elegance and praise. Observe your husband's openness and respond to tasks. If you cultivate the skills of you, you will be able to make hundreds of hits, become famous all over the world, and uniquely reflect the future. After that, it became popular in Yuncong, which is not easy in the world. It can be said that he is a saint who has a clear connection. Li, Xing, cursive script, Zhangcao and Feibai are all fascinating, and eight points are wonderful. His wife is Xi Gongshu. He has seven sons, among whom Xian is the most famous. Xuanzhi, Ningzhi, Huizhi, Caozhi, and Gongcaoli. Ning's wife, Xie Daoyun, was talented and good at calligraphy, and was highly valued by her uncle.
献之字子敬，逸少第七子，累迁中书令，卒。初娶郄昙女，离婚后，尚新安愍公主。无子，唯一女，后立为安僖皇后。后亦善书，以后父追赠侍中、特进、光禄大夫、太宰。尤善草隶，幼学于父，次习于张，后改变制度，别创其法，率尔师心，冥合天矩。观其逸志，莫之与京。至于行、草兴合，如孤峰四绝，迥出天外，其峭峻不可量也。尔其雄武神纵，灵姿秀出。臧武仲之智，卞庄子之勇。或大鹏抟风，长鲸喷浪。悬崖坠石，惊电遗光。察其所由，则意逸乎笔，未见其止。盖欲夺龙蛇之飞动，掩钟、张之神气。惜其阳秋尚富，纵逸不羁。天骨未全，有时而琐。人有求书，罕能得者。虽权贵所逼，了不介怀。偶其兴会，则触遇造笔，皆发于衷，不从于外，亦由或默或语，即铜鞮伯华之行也。初谢安请为长史，太康中，新起太极殿，安欲使子敬题榜，以为万世宝，而难言之，乃说韦仲将题凌云台事。子敬知其指，乃正色曰：“仲将，魏之大臣，宁有此事？使其若此，知魏德之不长。”安遂不之逼。子敬五六岁时学书，右军潜于后掣其笔，不脱，乃叹曰：“此儿当有大名。”遂书《乐毅论》与之。学竟，能极小真书，可谓穷微入圣。筋骨紧密，不减于父。如大则尤直而少态，岂可同年。唯行、草之间，逸气过也。及论诸体，多劣于右军。总而言之，季孟差耳。子敬隶、行、草、章草、飞白五体俱入神，八分入能。或谓小王为小令，非也。子敬为中书令，太康十一年卒于官，年四十三。族弟珉代居之，至十三年而卒，年三十八。时谓子敬为大令，琰为小令。
○妙品
秦胡毋敬，本栎阳狱吏，为太史令，博识古今文字，亦与程邈、李斯省改大篆，著《博学篇》七章，覃思旧章，博采众训。时赵高为中车府令，善史书，教始皇少子胡亥书及狱律法令，亥私幸之，作《爰历》篇六章。汉兴，总合为《苍颉篇》。
后汉杜林，字北山，扶风茂陵人，凉州刺史，邺之子，位至司空，尤工古文，过于邺也。故世言小学由杜公。尝于西河得漆书《古文尚书》一卷，宝玩不已，每困厄，自以为不能济于乱世，常抱经叹曰：“古文之学，将绝于此。”初卫宏方造林，未见，则暗然而服。及会面，林以漆书示宏曰：“常以此道将绝，何意东海卫君复能传之，是道不坠于地矣。子曰：‘德不孤，必有邻。’岂虚也哉！”光武建平中卒。灵帝时，刘陶删定古文、今文《尚书》，号《中文尚书》，以北山本为正。陶亦工古文，是谓“就有道而正”焉。卫宏，字次仲，东海人，官至给事中。修古学，善属文，作《尚书训指》。师于杜林，后之学者，古文皆祖杜林、卫宏也。
曹喜，字仲则，扶风平陵人，明帝建初中为秘书郎。篆隶之工，收名天下。蔡邕云：“扶风曹喜，建初称善。”卫恒云：“喜善篆，小异于李斯。”邯郸淳师焉，略究其妙。韦庭师淳而不及也。善悬针、垂露之法，后世行之。仲则小篆、隶书入妙，虽贺彦先沉潜，乃青云之士也。
刘德升，字君嗣，颍川人。桓灵之时，以造行书擅名。虽以草创，亦丰妍美，风流婉约，独步当时。胡昭、钟繇并师其法，世谓钟繇行押书是也。而胡书体肥，钟书体瘦，亦各有君嗣之美。
师宜官，南阳人。灵帝好书，征天下工书于鸿都门，至数百人，八分称宜官为最。大则一字径丈，小乃方寸千言，甚矜其能。性嗜酒，或时空至酒家，书其壁以售之，观者云集，酤酒多售，则铲去之。后为袁术将命，《钜鹿》、《耿球碑》，术所立，是宜官书也。
梁鹄字孟皇，安定乌氏人，少好书，受法于师宜官，以善八分知名。举孝廉为郎，灵帝重之，亦在鸿都门下。迁幽州刺史。魏武甚爱其书，常悬帐中，又以钉壁，以为胜宜官也。时邯郸淳亦得次仲法，淳宜为小字，鹄宜为大字，不如鹄之用笔尽势也。
张昶，字文舒，伯英季弟，为黄门侍郎。尤善章草，家风不坠，奕叶清华，书类伯英，时入谓之“亚圣”。至如筋骨天姿，实所未逮。若华实兼美，可以继之。卫恒云：“姜孟颖、梁孔达、田彦和及韦仲将之徒，皆张之弟子，各有名于世，并不及文舒。”又极工八分，况之蔡公，长幼差耳。华岳庙前一碑，建安十年刊也。《祠堂碑》昶造并书。后钟繇镇关中，题此碑后云：“汉故给事黄门侍郎、华阴张府君讳昶，字文舒，造此文。”又题碑头云：“时司隶校尉、侍中、东武亭侯、颍川钟繇字元常书。”又善隶，以建安十一年卒。文舒章草入妙，隶入能。
魏武帝姓曹氏，讳操，字孟德，沛国谯人。尤工章草，雄逸绝伦，年六十六薨。张华云：“汉安平崔瑗子寔、弘农张芝弟昶并善书，而魏武亚焉。”子植，字子建，亦工书。
邯郸淳，字子淑，颍川人。志行清洁，才学通敏。初为临淄王傅，累迁给事中。书则八体悉工，师于曹喜，尤精古文、大篆、八分、隶书。自杜林、卫宏以来，古文泯绝，由淳复著。卫恒云：“魏初传古文者，出于邯郸淳。蔡邕采斯、喜之法为古今杂形，然精密闲理不如淳也。”梁鹄云：“淳得次仲法，韦诞师淳而不及也。”袁昂云：“应规入矩，方圆乃成。”张华云：“邯郸淳善隶书。”子淑古文、小篆、八分、隶书并入妙。
胡昭字孔明，颍川人。少而博学，不慕荣利，有夷、皓之节。甚能史书，真、行又妙。卫恒云：“昭与钟繇并师于刘德升，俱善草、行，而胡肥钟瘦，书牍之迹也，动见模楷。”羊欣云：“胡昭得其骨，索靖得其肉，韦诞得其筋。”张华云：“胡昭善隶书，茂先与荀勖共整理记籍，立书博士，置弟子教习，以钟、胡为法。”嘉平二年公车征，会卒，年八十九。孔明隶行入妙，大篆入能。
韦诞字仲将，京兆人，太仆端之子，官至侍中。伏膺于张芝，兼邯郸淳之法，诸书并善，尤精题署。明帝时凌云台初成，令诞题榜，高下异好，宜就加点正，因致危惧，头鬓皆白。既以下，戒子孙无为大字楷法。袁昂云：“仲将书如龙挐虎踞，敛拔弩张。”张华云：“京兆韦诞子熊、颍川钟繇子会，并善隶书。”初青龙中，洛阳许邺三都宫观始成，诏令仲将大为题署，以为永制。给御笔墨，皆不任用。因曰：“蔡邕自矜能书，兼斯、喜之法，非流纨体素，不妄下笔。夫‘工欲善其事，必先利其器’，若用张芝笔、左伯纸、及臣墨，兼此三具，又得臣手，然后可以建劲丈之势，方寸千言。”然真迹之妙，亚乎索靖也。嘉平五年卒，年七十五。八分、隶、章、飞白入妙，小篆入能。兄康，字元将，亦工书；子熊，字少季，亦善书。时人云：“名父之子，不有二事。”世所美焉。
嵇康，字叔夜，谯国铚人，官至中散大夫。奇才不群，身长七尺八寸，而土木形骸，不自藻饰，未尝见其疾声朱颜。人以为龙章凤姿，天质自然，恬静寡欲，学不师受，博览该通，以为君子无私，心不惜乎是非，而行不违乎道。叔夜善书，妙于草制，观其体势，得之自然，意不在乎笔墨。若高逸之士，虽在布衣，有傲然之色。故知临不测之水，使人神清；登万仞之岩，自然意远。钟会谮康，就刑，年四十四，太学生三千人请为师，不许。
钟会，字士季，元常少子，官至司徒。咸熙元年，卫瓘诛之，年四十。书有父风，稍备筋骨，美兼行、草，尤工隶书，遂逸致飘然，有凌云之志，亦所谓“剑则干将、莫耶”焉。会尝诈为荀勖书，就勖母钟夫人取宝剑。会兄弟以千万造宅，未移居，勖乃潜画元常形像，会兄弟入见，便大感恸。勖画亦会之类也。会隶、行、草、章草入妙。吴处士张弘，字敬礼，吴郡人，笃学不仕，恒着乌巾，时号“张乌巾”。并善篆、隶，其飞白妙绝当时，飘若云游，激如惊电，飞仙舞鹤之态，有类焉。自作飞白序势，备说其美也。欧阳询曰：“飞白张乌巾冠世，其后逸少、子敬，亦称妙绝。”敬礼飞白入妙，小篆入能。
晋张华，字茂先，范阳人。父平，后汉渔阳太守。茂先官至司空壮武公，博涉群书，盈万余卷。高才达识，天文、数术，无所不精。善章草书，体势尤古。度德比义，嵇叔夜之伦也。
卫恒，字巨山，瓘之仲子，官至黄门侍郎。瓘尝云：“我得伯英之筋，恒得其骨。”巨山善古文，得汲冢古文，论楚事者最妙。恒尝玩之，作《四体书势》，并造散隶书。元康中，楚王玮害之，年四十。古文、章草、草书入妙，隶入能。弟宣，善篆及草，名亚父、兄。宣弟庭，亦工书。子仲宝、叔宝，俱有书名。四世家风不坠也。
卫夫人，名铄，字茂猗，廷尉展之女弟，恒之从女，汝阴太守李矩之妻也。隶书尤善规矩，钟公云：“碎玉壶之冰，烂瑶台之月。婉然芳树，穆若清风。”右军少常师之。永和五年卒，年七十八。子克，为中书郎，亦工书。先有扶风马夫人，大司农皇甫规之妻也，有才学，工隶书。夫人寡，董卓聘以为妻，夫人不屈，卓杀之。
王廙，字世将，琅琊临沂人。祖览。父正，尚书郎。导从父之弟也。官至平南将军、荆州刺史、侍中，逸少之叔父。工于草、隶、飞白，祖述张、卫遗法，自过江，右军之前，世将书与荀勖画为明帝师。其飞白，志气极古，垂雕鹗之翅羽，类旌旗之卷舒。时人云：“王廙飞白，右军之亚。”永昌元年卒，年四十七。世将飞白入妙，隶入能。
郄愔，字方回，高平金乡人。父鉴，太尉，草书卓绝，古而且劲。方回官至司空。善众书，虽齐名庾翼，不可同年。其法遵于魏氏，尤长于章草。纤能得中，意态无穷，筋骨亦胜。王僧虔云：“郄愔章草，亚于右军。”太元六年卒，年七十二。方回章草入妙，草、隶入能。妻傅氏，善书。子超，字景兴，小字嘉宾，亦善书。
王洽，字敬和，导第四子。理识明敏，拜驸马都尉，累迁中书令。书兼诸法，于草尤工。落简挥毫，有郢匠乘风之势。虽卓然孤秀，未至运用无方。而右军云：“弟书遂不减吾。”饰之过也。升平三年卒，年四十四。敬和隶、行、草入妙。妻荀氏，亦善书。
谢安，字安石，陈郡阳夏人。十八征著作郎，辞疾，寓居会稽，与王逸少、许询、桑门支遁等游处十年，累迁尚书仆射。太元十年卒，赠太傅，谥文靖公，年六十六。人皆比之王导，谓文雅过之。学草、正于右军，右军云：“卿是解书者，然知解书者尤难。”安石尤善行书，亦犹卫洗马，风流名士，海内所瞻。王僧虔云：“谢安得入能书品录也。”安石隶、行、草入妙。兄尚，字仁祖。弟万，字万石，并工书。
王珉，字季琰，洽之少子，官至中书令。工隶及行、草，金剑霜断，崎嵚历落，时谓小王之亚也。自导至珉，三世善书，时人方之杜、卫二氏。尝书四疋素，自朝操笔，至暮便竟，首尾如一，又无误字。子敬戏云：“弟书如骑骡，骎骎欲度骅骝前。”斯可谓弓善矢良，兵利马疾，突围破的，难与争锋。隶、行入妙。妻汪氏，善书。兄珣，亦善书。
桓玄者，温之子，为义兴太守，篡晋，伏诛。尝慕小王，善于草法。譬之于马，则肉翅已就，兰筋初生。畜怒而驰，日可千里。洸洸赳赳，实亦武哉。非王之武臣，即世之刺客。列缺吐火，共工触山，尤刚健倜傥。夫水火之性，各有所长。火能外光，不能内照；水能内照，不能外光。若包五行之性，则可谓通矣。尝与顾恺之论书，至夜不倦。恺之，字长康，善书，小名虎头，时人号为三绝：痴、书、画也。(彦远案：长康三绝者，才绝、画绝、痴绝，书非痴数也。)
宋文帝，姓刘，讳义隆，彭城人，武帝第三子。善隶书，次及行、草，规模大令，自谓不减于师，虽庶几德音，引领长望，尚辽远矣。然才位发挥，亦可谓“倬彼云汉，为章于天”。时论以为天然胜羊欣，工夫恨少。是亦天然可尚，道心唯微，探索幽远，若泠泠水行，有岩石间真声。帝隶书入妙，行、草入能。
羊欣，字敬元，泰山南城人，官至中散大夫、义兴太守。师资大令，时亦众矣。非无云尘之远，若亲承妙旨，入于室者，唯独此公。亦犹颜回与夫子，有步骤之近。扌戚若严霜之林，婉似流风之雪。惊禽走兽，络绎飞驰。亦可谓王之荩臣，朝之元老。沈约云：“敬元尤善于隶书，子敬之后，可以独步。”时人云：“买王得羊，不失所望。”今大令书中，风神怯者，往往是羊也。元嘉十九年卒，年七十三。敬元隶、行、草入妙。时有丘道护，亲师于子敬，殊劣于羊欣。谢综亦善书，不重敬元，亦惮之云：“力少媚好。”又有义兴康昕与南州惠式道人，俱学二王，转以己书货之，世人或谬宝此迹，亦或谓为羊。欧阳通云：“式道人，右军之甥，与王无别。”
薄绍之，字敬叔，丹阳人，官至给事中。善书，宪章小王，风格秀异，若干将出匣，光芒射人；魏武临戎，纵横制敌。其行、草倜傥，时越羊欣。若用力取之，则真正悬隔。敬叔隶、行、草入妙。
谢灵运，会稽人。祖玄，父焕。灵运官至秘书监、侍中、康乐侯，模宪小王，真、草俱美。石蕴千年之色，松低百尺之柯。虽不逮师，歙风吐云，簸荡川岳，其亦庶几。虞和云：“灵运，子敬之甥，故能书，特多王法。”王僧虔云：“子敬上表多在中书杂事中。灵运窃写，易其真本，相与不疑。”元嘉初，帝就索，始进。亲闻文皇说此。元嘉十年，年四十九，以罪弃广州市。隶、草入妙。
孔琳之，字彦琳，会稽山阴人。父廞。彦琳官至祠部尚书。善草、行，师于小王，稍露筋骨。飞流悬势，则吕梁之水焉。时称曰：“羊真孔草。”又以纵快比于桓玄。王僧虔云：“孔琳之放纵快利，笔迹流便，二王已后，略无其比。但工夫少，太自任，故当劣于羊欣。”斯言俞矣。景平元年卒，年五十五。行、草入妙。妻谢氏，亦善书。
齐王僧虔，琅琊临沂人。曾祖洽，父昙首。官至司空。善书，宋文帝见其书素扇，叹曰：“非唯迹逾子敬，方当器雅过之。”后孝武欲擅书名，僧虔不敢显迹，大明之世，常用掘笔书，以此见容。虞龢云：“僧虔寻得书术，虽不及古，不减郄家所制。”然述小王尤尚古，宜有丰厚淳朴，稍乏妍华。若溪涧含水，冈峦被雪，虽甚清肃，而寡于风味。子曰：“质胜文则野。”是之谓乎？永明三年卒。僧虔隶、行入妙，草入能。(一本云：“隶、行、草入妙。”)子慈，亦善隶书。谢超宗尝问慈曰：“卿书何当及尊公？”慈曰：“我之不得仰及，犹鸡之不及凤。”时人以为名答。
张融，字思光，吴郡人。祖祎，父畅。思光官至司徒左长史。博涉经史，早标孝行，书兼诸体，于草尤工，而时有稽古之风，宽博有余，严峻不足，可谓有文德而无武功。然齐、梁之际，殆无以过。或有鉴不至深，见其有古风，多误宝之，以为张伯英书也。而拓本大行于世。
梁萧子云，字景乔，晋陵人。父嶷，景乔官至侍中。少善草、行、小篆，诸体兼备，而创造小篆飞白，意趣飘然。点画之际，若有骞举。妍妙至极，难与比肩。但少乏古风，抑居妙品。故欧阳询云：“张乌巾冠世，其后逸少、子敬又称绝妙尔。飞而不白，萧子云轻浓得中，蝉翼掩素，游雾崩云，可得而语。”其真、草少师子敬，晚学元常。及其暮年，筋骨亦备，名盖当世，举朝效之。其肥钝无力者，悉非也。今之谬赏，十室九焉。梁武帝擢与二王并迹，则若牝鸡仰于鸾凤，子贡贤于仲尼。虽绝唱于彼朝，未曰阳春白雪。以太清三年卒。景乔隶书、飞白入妙，小篆、行、草、章草入能。子特，字世达，亦善书，位至太子舍人，先景乔卒。
Ruan Yan, courtesy name Wenji, was born in Chenliu, and served as the governor of Jiaozhou. He is good at calligraphy, and his writings and writings are from the great king, and he is very proficient in them. If the flying springs are pouring into each other, and the competition is endless, it is said that Xiao, Tao, etc. each get the right army as one, and this public muscle strength is the best. Compared with courage, it is strong and sharp, and it is indomitable; it is said in talk, Then slow down the cheeks to enjoy the meal, and Li Jian combines the differences. There are attacks by Li Xin and Wang Li, but no modifications by Zigong and Lu Lian. His subordinates are accustomed to Zhong Gong, and the wind god is a little timid. Yu Jianwu said: "Ruan Ju is now looking at the past, and he has a glimpse of the wonderful doors. Although he learned from Wang Zuzhong, he finally formed a unique method. However, the answer to slow speed can be compared to that of Lu and Cambodia." This means that this man is impatient, and he is also like this. Meigao's writing was quick and quick, but Changqing's writing was slow, and each was wonderful in its own time. The writing and cursive writing are wonderful, and the official script is capable.
Zhiyong, a monk from Chen Yongxing Temple, was from Kuaiji. I learned from Yishao, my ancestor from far away, and he specializes in historical records. Photographing Qi Shengtang, truth and grass are the only thing that matters. The road to Yi is a good bridle, and the sea is safe. If you still have a Taoist style, you will gain half of the meat of the right army. It is capable of all body types and is best in grass. The temperament is lower than that of Ou and Yu, and it is more mature than sheep and thin. Zhiyong Zhangcao and cursive script are wonderful, and Li is Neng. My brother Zhikai is also a grass craftsman. Ding Zang was also good at official calligraphy, and people at the time said: "Ding Zhenyongcao."
Ouyang Xun of the imperial dynasty was born in Miluo, Changsha. His official rank was Doctor Yinqing Guanglu, and his rate was higher. The eight body styles are as powerful as the others, the writing power is strong and dangerous, and the seal body style is especially fine. Goryeo loved his books and sent envoys to invite him. Shen Yao sighed and said: "Unexpectedly, the title of the book that I inquired about spread far and wide to Yi and Di. Looking at its traces, did they say that it was tall and burly?" Fei Baiguanjue, taller than the ancients. It has the image of dragon and snake fighting, and the clouds are light and dense. The wind whirls and the electricity stirs, lifting it up like a god. Although Zhen and Xing's books are separate from the Great Order, they are as dense as a spear and halberd in an arsenal. The wind spirit is as strict as Zhiyong, and less polished than Yu Shinan. His cursive writing circulates repeatedly, looking at the two kings, which can be moving. However, jumping in surprise does not avoid danger and harms the purity and elegance. Since Yang and Bo, there has been no enemy. Only Yonggong specially trained his troops and refined them, and his opinions were evenly matched. Ou used his fierceness to drive forward, but he always stayed behind closed doors. He died in the fifteenth year of Zhenguan at the age of eighty-five. Fei Bai, Li, Xing, and Cao are excellent, while large and small seal scripts and Zhang Cao are capable. Zi Tong is also good at calligraphy, but he is thin and timid compared to his father. Xue Chuntuo also has the effect of asking grass, which hurts fat and dullness, and is the substandard of Tong.
Yu Shinan, named Bo Shi, was born in Yuyao, Kuaiji. Zu Jian was consulted by King Shixing of Liang Dynasty. Father Li, the concubine of Prince Chen. Shinan was educated under King Gu Ye of Wu County and studied for ten years. During the imperial court, he paid homage to Doctor Yinqing Guanglu, Secretary Supervisor and Duke Yongxing. Taizong's edict said: "There is a person in Shinan who has extraordinary talents, so he has five talents. The first is loyalty and admiration, the second is friendship and friendship, the third is blogging, the fourth is poetry, and the fifth is writing." If there is one person with this, he is enough to be a famous minister. And both world and south. His book contains the grand regulations of the Great Order and contains the correct colors of the five directions. Show off your beauty and show your wisdom and courage. Beautiful ridges and dangerous peaks rise everywhere. When walking and grassing, I especially prefer to work. Its twilight teeth, if you try to remove them, the stinking smell will be thin, which is not appropriate. This is the beauty of the southeast and the bamboo arrows of Kuaiji. He died in the twelfth year of Zhenguan, at the age of eighty-one. Bo Shi's official writing and running script are wonderful. However, Ou Zhi and Yu can be said to be equally matched in intelligence, just like Han Lu's pursuit of Dongguo Rabbit. When it comes to their various forms, Yu cannot catch them. If Ou is a fierce general, it may be disadvantageous when going deep; if Yu is a good choice for pedestrians,
