1. Teaching objectives
Knowledge and skills: Understand the expression language of calligraphy art, master the methods of appreciating works from the perspectives of brushwork, structure, composition, and ink techniques, and be able to understand the author's thoughts based on the content of the work and the creative background.
Process and method: observe the brushwork and structure of individual characters in calligraphy works, appreciate the artistic works of ancient calligraphers, analyze the composition and ink techniques as a whole, and combine the data with the content and background to deeply understand the deep meaning of calligraphy works and experience The author's spiritual world.
Emotions, attitudes and values: Feel the formal beauty of calligraphy art and love calligraphy art even more.
2. Important and difficult points in teaching
Focus: The artistic characteristics of brushwork, structure, composition, and inkwork in calligraphy works.
Difficulty: Analyze calligraphy works from multiple aspects such as brushwork, structure, composition, inkwork, etc., and understand the concept of "calligraphy as the heart".
3. Teaching process
(1) Introduction of interesting situations
Show the word "calligraphy" in different calligraphy styles and ask questions:
①What two characters do you see in the picture? (Calligraphy)
②Which style of writing is used? (official script, seal script, regular script, cursive script, running script)
Teacher’s summary: From the earliest oracle bone inscriptions to the later Qin Dynasty’s unification of characters into seal script, and then to the official script, cursive script, running script, and regular script we know, these Chinese characters have slowly shifted from their initial recording function to those with certain aesthetic value in the process of evolution. Works of art, so how is the beauty of different calligraphy styles reflected, and how should we appreciate it? Today, let’s review our country’s calligraphy art in the past thousand years. This leads to the topic "Calligraphy as Heart Painting—Chinese Calligraphy".
(2) Reading the content of works
calligraphy
(1) Ask students to try to choose a calligraphy style to copy on rice paper and think about the problem:
In the process of writing, what are the main brushwork techniques produced? (Translational movement, lifting and pressing, twisting and turning)
Summary: The brush pen is soft, so different stroke speeds and strengths will produce rich changes in lines. The brushwork can be divided into three types: horizontal movement, lifting and pressing, and twisting and turning. Translation, during the writing process, the distance between the pen and the paper remains unchanged, and there is no up and down movement. Lifting and pressing, the pen moves up and down, and there is lifting and pressing. Twisting refers to the rotating movement of the pen on the paper when writing.
(2) Display the five characters "Nan" in seal script, "Zhong" in official script, "Tang" in regular script, "Zeng" in running script, and "Ting" in cursive script, and ask questions:
① Which calligraphy style do the five characters correspond to? (Seal script "Nan", official script "Zhong", regular script "Tang", running script "Zeng", cursive script "Ting")
②What strokes do the lines in the characters correspond to?
Teacher's summary: Different fonts will change the artist's pen usage during the writing process. Xiaozhuan script mainly uses the center tip of the pen. During the writing process, the tip of the pen is in the middle of the stroke, and the strokes are based on translation. Regular script and official script have both horizontal and vertical strokes, and the stroke forms are constantly enriched. Running script, cursive script, extensive use of twists and turns, the lines are lively and changeable.
(3) Formal language aesthetics
1. Structure
(1) The teacher displays the "Stone Drum Inscriptions", "Zhang Qian Stele" and "Yan Qinli Stele" and asks questions:
What are the differences in the glyph structure between seal script, official script and regular script? (Seal script has a dignified structure, regular script is square and official script is flat)
Teacher’s summary: Different calligraphy styles differ in structure. Seal script has a dignified structure, regular script is square, and official script is flat. The structure presents the overall style of the calligraphy style.
(2) Show the "Shen" of the Yan style and the "Shen" of the European style, and discuss the question: Are there structural differences between the same calligraphy styles? What are the reasons?
Teacher’s summary: Different calligraphers will form different personal styles when writing, which is related to the calligrapher’s personal experience and personality.
2. Rules and regulations
The teacher showed Dong Qichang's "Xie Huilian's Ode to the Snow" and Xu Wei's "Running Cursive and Ying Ink Pictures" and asked questions:
①What is the relationship between words and lines and lines between the two works? (Composition, pursuit of unity amidst changes)
②What kind of feeling does this kind of layout give you? ("Xue Huilian's Poems" is generally more regular, while "The Drawing of Cursive and Ink" has a casual layout)
Teacher’s summary: Each word has basic structural rules, and the combination of words and words and lines and lines forms the structure of the entire article.
3. Ink method
Ask a question:
In addition to the layout form, how are the two works divided into how to use ink? (Dense ink, light ink)
What are the differences in visual effects brought about by different ink colors? (Thick ink is deep and smooth, light ink is fresh and elegant)
Teacher’s summary: The use of ink can be divided into thick and light. Generally, thick ink is used in seal script, official script, and regular script to give people a feeling of heavy pen and strong strength. Light ink is often used in cursive script and running script, giving people a feeling of elegance, elegance, freshness and elegance. In addition to shades, the ancients also used "dry" and "moist" to describe ink techniques. Dry brushes come from dry ink, moist and dry are opposite, and there is a slight halo of moisture in pointillism.
(4) Social and cultural understanding
The teacher showed the "Top Ten Running Scripts in the World" and the group discussed: What is related to the formation of a calligrapher's personal style? Why is it said that "calligraphy is the painting of the heart"?
Teacher summary: Calligraphy is an art that emerges from daily writing practice. There are two major points in appreciating calligraphy. One is "form", which includes dotted lines and spatial structure. The other is "spirit" which is based on "form". It reflects the author's joy, anger, sorrow, and joy, and the two complement each other, so we say that "books are paintings from the heart."
(5) Summary of method application
1. Summary of methods
We comprehensively understand the method of appreciating a calligraphy work by combining the author's background from the perspective of brushwork, structure, composition, and ink techniques, from single words to the entire work.
2. Method application
Create a situation and lead the students to the museum to watch Yan Zhenqing's "Manuscript for Nephew Memorial", and invite the students to serve as commentators to introduce the work.
(Yan Zhenqing was a calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty. His nephew Yan Jiming died in the Anshi Rebellion. The "Manuscript for Memorial to Nephew" was written in extreme grief and indignation before his death. From the initial neatness of the composition to the later, it became more and more messy, and it was so emotional. The The work is known as "the second running script in the world".)
(6) Summary of sublimation work
1. Summarize the calligraphy characteristics and appreciation methods of the five major calligraphy styles.
2. Sublimation of emotions: The ancients used pen and ink to record life and express emotions, so that we can still feel the same today thousands of years later. This is the charm of the art of calligraphy. The ancients said that "books are paintings from the heart." I hope that today's students can also Remember, use the pen in your hand to describe your "voice".
3. Assign homework: Go to an art museum to watch a calligraphy exhibition and experience the formal beauty and spiritual world of today’s artists’ calligraphy.
4. Blackboard design
